聚四氟乙烯对齿轮润滑成膜膏润滑性能的影响

作者以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为固体润滑剂填料对GM型齿轮润滑成膜膏进行了改进,并且研制出了两种新的成膜膏系列产品。经四球试验机、动静摩擦系数精密测定仪和SRV试验机评价的结果表明,添加PTFE的GM-2型成膜膏的承载能力和减磨性能都明显地比未添加的好;以PTFE为主要固体润滑剂填料的GM-3和MFC-1型两种润滑成膜膏也都具有良好的润滑性能,其中后者的性能与含PTFE的GM-2型成膜膏的接近。通过对摩擦轨迹的电子探针检测发现,PTFE在摩擦过程中于摩擦表面形成了转移膜,因而改善了润滑成膜膏的摩擦学性能。     

点支式中空玻璃承载性能的有限元分析

中空玻璃承受均布横向荷载时,外、内片与密封气体之间产生复杂的交互作用,现行规范(程)基本按抗弯刚度比例在外、内片玻璃之间分配荷载。本文使用有限元法,分析点支式中空玻璃在承受均布横向荷载时的结构特性,利用迭代计算精确地求解外荷载在外、内片间的分配比例,计算与实验测值吻合得较好。本文指出,宽厚比、中空层厚度等因素对于荷载分配比例均有较大影响,在某些情况下,直接承受荷载的外片可能承受绝大部分的荷载,规范(程)的设计方法仍值得商榷。同时,本文建议在设计中考虑中空层温度变化对承载性能的影响。     

氮化硅陶瓷平板振动模态参数的研究

本文采用压电陶瓷片测振技术,试验分析了氮化硅陶瓷平板的固有频率及模态阻尼比,试验结果与有限元计算结果比较吻合。本文还对氮化硅陶瓷平板与普通钢平板做了对比试验,结果表明氮化硅陶瓷平板的固有频率及模态阻尼比都较高。     

硼酸钾做润滑油添加剂的抗磨性能之研究

作者利用Shell-Seta四球试验机研究了白油中所含硼酸钾的抗磨特性,以及分散刘中性烷基苯磺酸钙对硼酸钾抗磨性能的影响,并且利用X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)考察了摩擦表面的元素组成及硼元素的价态。结果表明,含硼酸钾的白油能够在摩擦表面形成含硼酸钾的表面膜而具有较好的抗磨性,硼在摩擦表面膜中以硼酸钾的形式存在,分散剂烷基苯磺酸钙会影响硼酸钾沉积腆的形成及其与金属表面的结合强度而降低抗磨性能。     

论“岩体结构控制论”

经过长期实践和研究,作者于1984年提出岩体结构控制论是岩体力学的基础理论,并全面、系统地以岩体结构控制论为指导研究了岩体变形、岩体破坏及岩体力学性质的基本规律;提出岩体变形系山岩体材料变彤和岩体结构变形共同贡献的,岩体破坏系受岩体材料破坏和岩体结构破坏控制的;岩体力学性质不仅决定于岩体材料力学的性质,而且受控于岩体结构力学效应及环境因素力学效应。在此基础上,作者提出了岩体可以划分为连续介质、碎裂介质,块裂介质及板裂介质四种岩体力学介质,从而建立了完整的岩体结构力学理论体系。     

套管磨损三维表面形貌恢复及其机理分析

在DCWT-1000型套管摩擦磨损试验机上进行了套管摩擦磨损试验,研究深井、超深井中"冲击-滑动"复合磨损对套管磨损行为的影响,采用三维表面形貌测试仪、光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察分析了在不同载荷条件下套管磨损表面的微观结构和表面形貌,在此基础上对套管磨损表面进行了三维恢复并计算套管磨损表面的主要形貌参数,探讨了套管磨损表面的磨损机理.结果表明:套管的磨损性能与载荷有关;在不同载荷条件下,套管磨损表面的三维形貌具有不同特点,且主要的表面形貌参数与载荷呈现出较好的相关性,证明了三维形貌分析方法能够真实反映套管磨损表面的情况;当冲击载荷和频率不大时,套管的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,兼有粘着磨损,随着冲击载荷和频率增加,套管磨损表面出现明显粘着剥落和疲劳剥落迹象,并出现疲劳裂纹扩展和连通,套管的磨损机制向粘着磨损和疲劳磨损转化,磨损趋向严重.     

碳化物衍生碳与石墨的摩擦磨损性能比较

通过高温氯化处理工艺在SiC表面制备碳化物衍生碳涂层(CDC),考察并比较了SiC、石墨和CDC在空气中的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:在本文试验条件下,CDC的摩擦磨损性能优于石墨,CDC的摩擦系数低于0.15;CDC在载荷5 N下的磨损率在10-15 m3/N量级,当载荷等于或低于30 N时磨损率在10-14 m3/N量级,远低于相同条件下石墨的磨损率,即使在40 N或 50 N下其磨损率仅与20 N下SiC和石墨的磨损率相当.CDC的纳米结构及涂层与基体界面组成和性能的变化是影响其摩擦磨损性能的主要因素.     

利用铝＋氮或钛＋氮离子束辅助沉积改善纯铁摩擦学性能的研究

离子束辅助沉积是近几年发展起来的一种将离子注入与薄膜沉积融为一体的材料表面改性新技术。利用Ａｌ＋Ｎ＋或Ｔｉ＋Ｎ＋离子束辅助沉积对工业纯铁进行了表面改性处理，并且就其摩擦学性能与未经表面改性处理之纯铁试样的作了对比试验研究，同时还利用俄歇电子能谱仪、掠角Ｘ射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等分析测试手段对离子束改性层的成分深度分布和微观组织结构，以及磨痕的表面形貌和元素面分布进行了分析。结果表明，Ａｌ＋Ｎ＋或Ｔｉ＋Ｎ＋离子束辅助沉积可以在纯铁表面形成Ｆｅ４Ｎ、Ｆｅ３Ａｌ或Ｆｅ２Ｎ、Ｆｅ２Ｔｉ等强化相，因而使材料的表层显微硬度分别提高了２１．５％和５８．４％，稳态摩擦下的摩擦系数分别降低约８０％和８３％，平均磨损量分别降低约７１％和８６％；磨损形式主要由纯铁严重的粘着磨损转化为轻微的氧化磨损。     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of organic multilayer films based on the layer‐by‐layer assembly

Two polymers containing pyridine rings were prepared by free‐radical polymerization and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR spectra. The preparation of four multilayer films that were obtained by self‐assembly of the polymer and the transition metal neutralized polyelectrolyte on PE substrate was described. UV–vis spectra and atomic force microscopy images were applied to characterize these films and indicate the uniform assembling process. The driving force for building up the multilayer films was identified by infrared spectroscopy to be the coordination interaction. The magnetic behavior was examined as a function of magnetic field strength at 30 kOe and as a function of temperature (5–300 K). All films display strong soft ferromagnetic properties and higher than those of the bulk materials. The magnetic results show that the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembling approach is beneficial to the ordered alignment of adjacent paramagnetic spins and induces better magnetic phenomena. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improving the impact property and heat‐resistance of PLA/PC blends through coupling molecular chains at the interface

The influences of both the molecular structure and the melt viscosity differences between Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycarbonate (PC) on the interpenetration of molecular chains at the interface were investigated by comparing the dynamic mechanical properties and morphologies of the as‐prepared PLA/PC solution‐casting blends with those of their corresponding annealed (180°C, 8 h) samples or PLA/PC melt blends. Additionally, two chain extenders containing epoxy groups (ADR and TGDDM) were used to improve the interfacial strength. Subsequently, the interpenetration of PLA and PC molecular chains at the interface was also surveyed. Finally, the effects of the morphology formed by after adding ADR or TGDDM on the impact property, and heat resistance were discussed. The results showed that there was no interpenetration of molecular chains at the interface in PLA/PC melt blends because of the serious hindrance of the molecular structure and the melt viscosity differences. Although the interfacial strength achieved significant increase after adding ADR or TGDDM, the increase of the interfacial strength should be caused by the connection of ADR or TGDDM molecules with PLA and PC molecules at the interface through chemical bonds rather than the entanglements of PLA and PC molecular chains because of no interpenetration of PLA and PC molecular chains at the interface. Thus, the morphology formed after adding ADR or TGDDM is still the type of complete phase separation, which may be the most suitable morphology for achieving high impact and heat resistance PLA/PC blends because these two properties strongly depend on the crystallinity of PLA phase. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.